Kumina is an Afro-Jamaican religion emerged through the practices of indentured labourers who were brought to Jamaica from the Kongo region of West Central Africa, during the post-emancipation era. It has practices that include secular ceremonies, dance and music. Kumina was first brought to the parish of St.Thomas in the east of the island. However, the practice spread to the parishes of Portland, St. Mary and St. Catherine, and the city of Kingston. In the second half of the 19th century it syncretised with Myalism. Kumina differed from Zion Revivalism in rejecting the belief that the Bible should be the central authority behind worship.
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